Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was an Austrian physician, neurologist, and psychologist, and the founder of psychoanalysis. He studied medicine in Vienna and spent 1885–86 in Paris studying under Jean-Martin Charcot. He then worked as a physician in Vienna and developed psychoanalysis as both a therapeutic method and a theory of the human mind. His best-known works include *The Interpretation of Dreams* (1900), *Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality* (1905), *The Ego and the Id* (1923), and *Civilization and Its Discontents* (1930). In 1938, Freud emigrated to London, where he died in 1939.