Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was a German philosopher, social theorist, historian and journalist, as well as a textile entrepreneur. Born in Barmen, he died in London. During his commercial training and work in Manchester, he observed the living conditions of industrial workers; these observations informed, among other works, *The Condition of the Working Class in England* (1845). Engels worked closely with Karl Marx and, together with him, developed the materialist conception of history and the foundations of Marxism. They co-authored, among other works, *The Communist Manifesto* (1848). After Marx’s death, Engels edited and published the second and third volumes of *Capital* from Marx’s manuscripts.