Presenting recent research spanning the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century in Western Europe, Argentina, Australia, Japan, and the United States, this survey approaches the history of criminology as a history of science and practice. The essays examine the discourse on crime and criminals that surfaced as part of different discourses and practices, including the activities of the police and the courts, parliamentary debates, and media reports, as well as the writings of moral statisticians, jurists, and medical doctors.