Benefitting from phytochemicals in medicinal plants has lately gained increasingly more global relevance. The medicinal bioactivity might range from wound healing activity to anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. This work describes the challenging scientific process of systematic identification and taxonomy through molecular profiling and nanoparticle production from plant extracts until a final use for e.g. cancer or HIV treatment.From the table of contents PART A: Biodiversity & Traditional Knowledge. __Habitats and Distribution. __Threats and Conservation. __Culture, tradition and indigenous practices. PART B: Phytochemical constituents – Molecules and Characterization Techniques. __Alkaloids & Flavonoids. __Tannin, Saponnin and Taxol. __Terpenoids, Steroids and Phenolic Compounds. __Essential oil and their constituents. __Characterization Techniques used for the analysis of phytochemical constituents. PART C: Medicinal Bioactivity. __Anti-cancerous and Anti HIV activity. __Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity. __Anti-oxidant activity. __Anti-diabetic activity. __Anti-Corona virus and anti-viral activity. PART D: Nanotechnology. __Nano-materials synthesis from medicinal plant extract. __Characterization and activity of medicinal plant based nanoparticles. PART E: Pharmacology/Drug discovery. __Plant phytochemicals in drug discovery. __Extraction and production of drugs. __System pharmacology and drug discovery.